All objects are in virtual memory (VM). A thread can only access data in
VM if the page containing the data is mapped (i.e., the TLB and page
tables contain approriate entries). If a page is not mapped, an access
will trigger a page fault, which is served by the OS by establishing the
mapping. The OS will only do this if the access is valid, i.e., if the
thread's protection domain contains an appropriate capability. Hence,
capabilities are validated at page-fault time.
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Objects are identified by their virtual address. (Converting
human-readable names to VM addresses is left to user-level naming
services.) The OS maintains mappings from virtual addresses to RAM
frames (for resident pages) and to disk blocks (for initialised pages).
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